On the morning of November 20, the "seminar on the academic achievements of AI Yinfan's ethnic cultural history" jointly sponsored by Liaoning Federation of social sciences circles, Fuxin Municipal Party committee and Fuxin Municipal government was held in Fuxin guest house. Professor Ai Yinfan is a famous scholar in our province, honorary chairman of Fuxin Federation of Social Sciences, and former vice president of Fuxin teachers college. Professor Ai Yinfan believes that the Yellow Emperor may be the first Khan in the history of China, and Zhuanxu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor and one of the five emperors in ancient legend, is a new man in Fujian Province. Professor Ai Yinfan's research method is very representative. The above achievements are all obtained through the combination of phonetics, semantics, context and archaeological objects, which provides a new possibility for us to gradually understand the formation process of the pluralistic Chinese civilization.
The Chinese nation is a nation that reveres its ancestors. There has always been a debate about the ancestors of the Chinese nation in the history circle of our country. As one of the origins of Chinese culture, the Hongshan culture, which ancestor of the Chinese nation it represents, has always been a mystery. After the seminar, our reporter interviewed Professor AI Yinfan, who told the reporter the answer.
Huangdi is the first single or Khan in Chinese history
In the late 1970s, Niuheliang Hongshan cultural site was discovered, which advanced the history of Chinese civilization by more than 1000 years. Therefore, Hongshan culture is known as "the new dawn of Oriental civilization". The altars, temples and tombs of Hongshan culture represent the highest level of prehistoric culture known in northern China. Therefore, many experts have made new thoughts on the history of the origin of Chinese civilization and ancient Chinese history, and expanded the study of ancient Chinese history from the Yellow River basin to the Xiliao River basin to the North of Yanshan. Professor Ai Yinfan has also done a lot of research on it, and has achieved many representative results.
Huangdi is the ancestor of the Xia people. It is said that Yao, Shun, Xia people, merchants and Zhou people in history are all descendants of the Yellow Emperor, and the Chinese nation is the "descendants of the Yellow Emperor". Zhuan Xu, the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, passed on the throne to Zhuan Xu when he was 20 years old. Zhuan Xu was in power for 78 years and died in his 90s. There are many descendants of Zhuan Xu. Qu Yuan claimed to be a descendant of Zhuan Xu. There are many popular sayings about where the Yellow Emperor and Zhuanxu came from, but none of them said that they were from Liaoning. However, professor Ai Yinfan confirmed through research that the Yellow Emperor probably had activities in some areas of our province, and even the Yellow Emperor might be the leader or God of the nomadic people, and inferred that the hometown of Zhuanxu was Fuxin.
Professor Ai Yinfan's research achievements are quite rich. In an interview with reporters, he first started with the ancestor of the Chinese nation, Huangdi. He believed that Huangdi should be the leader or God of the northern nomadic people and the first Khan in Chinese history. Because when he studied the Altaic words "Kongtong" and "Kuitun", he found that in the mountains and rivers north of the Great Wall, there are dozens of places named after the national language Kongtong and Kuitun, such as Huitengxile and Huiteng grassland between zizhuo county and Chahar right front, back and middle banners, huituxire of Zhenglan Banner, kuiteng mountain of Sunid Left Banner, Huitenggaole of Balinzuo banner and Huiteng grassland of Abaga banner Huitenggaole and huitengliang, Kuitun River and Kuitun mountain in Zhalute and Horqin Right Wing Middle Banner, huitianzhao in Horqin Left Wing Middle Banner, Huihe River in Ewenki Autonomous Banner, etc. In other areas where the Mongolians once lived or still live, there are also many "Kuitun" landscapes. For example: Kuitun River in Xinjiang; Kuitun River flowing into Danghe River in northwest of Subei Mongolian Autonomous County in Gansu Province; cold spring in Beipiao of Chaoyang City; erhuitong village in Wangfu town of Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County in Fuxin City, also named Lenggu nearby. AI Yinfan believes that the deeds of the Yellow Emperor are recorded in every place where there are free tongs and Kuitun. By synthesizing the places where Kongtong and Kuitun are located, he found that they are all located in the Asian grassland area from northeast to Xinjiang. Therefore, it is concluded that in Chinese history, the first single or Khan is the Yellow Emperor.
Zhuanxu's hometown in Fuxin
Zhuanxu is one of the five emperors in ancient Chinese legend. His descendants were very prominent in ancient China, became the main founders of Chinese civilization, and had a great influence on the ancient civilizations of Northeast Asia and America. But historical books and scholars have always positioned the origin of this civilization in Shanxi, Sichuan, Henan, Anhui and even Zhejiang. From the perspective of cultural anthropology, professor Ai Yinfan made a reflective interpretation of the old historical books from the perspective of archaeology, mythology, folklore, language and writing. He believed that this civilization originated in western Liaoning, its archaeological background should be Hongshan Culture and pre Hongshan culture, and it has a deep origin with Fuxin Chahai site.
The history of Chinese civilization began in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties. Before the Xia Dynasty, the so-called three emperors and five emperors era, belongs to the legendary ancient times. Generally speaking, the three emperors refer to Fuxi, Shennong and Suiren. According to historical records, the five emperors are Huangdi, Zhuanxu, he, Yao and shun. They all belong to the family of Huangdi. For example, Zhuanxu is the grandson of Huangdi, he is the son of Zhuanxu, Yao is the son of he, and Shun is the grandson of Zhuanxu for six generations.
Zhuanxu, the great emperor, was originally "the God of the tribes in the northeast". In many old books, it is said that he "ruled the world with water virtue" and "died as the emperor of water virtue in the north". Zhuanxu, an ancient northern ethnic group, has made great contributions to Chinese Civilization: it has high attainments in ancient astronomy and calendar, and it has also made great contributions to water conservancy and agriculture. It created jade culture and dragon culture. A branch of Zhuanxu established Xia, the first dynasty of China in the Central Plains, and many ancient ethnic groups are its branches.
Professor Ai Yinfan believes that "Miao descendants of emperor Gaoyang" in Qu Yuan's Lisao precisely shows that Zhuanxu, the God of Chu people in the south, was far away from the north, which shows that Chu people originally lived in the north and were also members of Zhuanxu's ancient family, and later went to the South. AI Yinfan thinks that the "ruins" of Zhuanxu's ruins recorded in the book of Jin means the hometown and ruins. The ruins of Zhuanxu are located in Chaoyang and Fuxin. According to the Dahuang Beijing in Shanhaijing, the emperor Zhuanxu and his nine concubines were buried in the mountains attached to Yu between the rivers and the Northeast sea What kind of mountain is this? AI Yinfan infers that it is Yiwulu Mountain, because Yiwulu Mountain was also called Wuwu in Han Dynasty. Wuwu county (near Beizhen city) in Han Dynasty was named after Yiwulu Mountain. This proves that the hometown of Zhuanxu ancient people is in the west of Liaoning Province where Yiwulu Mountain is located.
Many ancient records (such as Shiji and Shanhaijing) say that Changyi, the son of the Yellow Emperor, descended to Ruoshui and married Zhuanxu, the girl of Shushan family. Ruoshui has always been regarded as the Yalong River of Sichuan, and Shu is regarded as the ancient name of Sichuan, so historians believe that Zhuanxu and even Xia Dynasty were related to Sichuan. AI Yinfan believes that this is a problem that must be clarified. In his opinion, Ruoshui's "Ruo" is an ancient Altaic language family word, and its counterpoint can be written as "weak", "weak falling", "Heli", "Yalong" and so on, meaning green and black. Therefore, Ruoshui is Heishui and Heihe. Mongolian belongs to Altaic language family, that is, black is pronounced as "Hala", which is the contemporary pronunciation of "weak" and "weak falling". Several big rivers in China are related to "black" in different periods and degrees. Heilongjiang River was called weak water or black water in ancient times; Jinsha River in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River was called flooding and Lushui in ancient times, which also means black water; Lancang River is black water, and Nujiang River is even black water. It can be seen that rivers in many places used to be Ruoshui, and Yalong River is not the only Ruoshui. A nation's culture, landscape names, stories and customs will migrate with the migration of the nation. Anthropologists call it "the law of place name migration", and often explore the trajectory of national activities based on it. Therefore, wherever there are Zhuanxu nationality, there are mountains and waters with the same name. Dragon is also the symbol of Zhuanxu. The place with dragon means the area where the ancient people live. A 19.7-meter-long shiduilong has been found at Chahai site in Fuxin city. It is estimated that it was 7000-8000 years ago. Professor Su Bingqi, a famous archaeologist, wrote the inscription "hometown of jade dragon, birthplace of civilization" after carefully investigating the cultural relics unearthed in Chahai. It is obvious that chahailong is the first dragon in China. According to the Dragon representing Zhuan Xu found in Chahai cultural site in Fuxin, AI Yinfan believed that it was a cultural heritage belonging to Zhuan Xu ancient people and within the boundary of "Zhuan Xu ruins".
At the same time, Chang Yi, the father of Zhuan Xu, married Shu, the daughter of the Shushan family. AI Yinfan found that he was not Shu in the state of Shu. There is no "insect" at the bottom of the Shu characters in oracle bone inscriptions. It is a Hieroglyphic Character, which is the same as the jade carving damulung unearthed in sanxingtala, Inner Mongolia. In the description of Zhuanxu's burial site in Shanhaijing, there are many references to beautiful jade, and jade culture is one of the characteristics of Hongshan Culture and pre Hongshan culture. AI Yinfan believes that the fact that a large number of unearthed cultural relics are made of iron proves that the ancient Shu mountains must have been in western Liaoning, Eastern Inner Mongolia or northern Hebei, and then gradually moved to the West and south. It is concluded that Zhuanxu lived in Fuxin with Hongshan culture as its background, and Zhuanxu came from Fuxin.
