Republican administration is an important event in Chinese history, especially in the annals. It is from the beginning of the Republican administration that China's history has a definite chronology. From then on to today, there has been no interruption for thousands of years, which is an important beginning to ensure the continuity of Chinese history. According to the second chronology of twelve vassals in Volume 14 of historical records, in the first year of the Republic of China, Gengshen was the second year, that is, 841 BC.
Since modern times, combined with the clues in Bamboo Annals and other documents, "Gonghe" is a person named "Gongbo he", which has gradually become the mainstream view.
Background
The rule of the Zhou Dynasty reached its peak after King Mu of Zhou Dynasty, and it came to the reign of King li of Zhou Dynasty. In 878 BC, King li of Zhou Dynasty ascended the throne. During his reign, the people were in dire straits, but the nobles still indulged in wine and sex. In 844 BC, in order to gather more wealth for extravagance, King Li appointed the eldest father of Duke Guo and Duke Rongyi to implement the "patent" he forced the rich mountains, forests and rivers to be king, and did not allow the common people to go in for woodcutting, fishing and hunting. As a result, the interests of all sectors of society are violated and complaints abound. Li Wang refused to accept Rui Liangfu's advice, promoted Rong Yigong to be Qing Shi, and continued to implement patent. So the whole country was angry, and there were people everywhere to vent their discontent. King Li found a wizard from the state of Wei, and asked him to use witchcraft to monitor those who expressed "slander", and told the state that those who had private discussions about the government would be killed without amnesty. The wizard pretends to be a God. Setting up innocent people wantonly, many people died. As a result, people dare not speak in public, and they can only show their eyes when they meet on the way. King Li thought that he had eliminated slander. Zhao Mu is generally recognized as "the mouth of defending the people is better than that of defending Sichuan". Once the mouth is broken, it can not be cleaned up. He advocated a wide range of opinions, so that all kinds of people from Gongqing to Baigong could have the opportunity to express their opinions. King Li turned a deaf ear and went his own way. Less than three years later, the majority of Chinese people could not bear to go on. In 841 BC, the National People's Congress was rioting and the king was forced to flee to * (Huozhou, Shanxi). The prince was hidden in Zhaomu's family, and the people surrounded him. Zhaogong replaced him with his son, and the prince got out of danger. Zhou Liwang fled in * *, and the history was called "chaos."
Process
After the exile of Li king, the guards of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty arrived at the *. Therefore, on behalf of the old ministers of King li of Zhou, Zhao Gong Hu asked Wei Wu Gong to be in power temporarily. He and another minister, Zhou Gong (the descendant of Zhou Gong Dan), formed a slave owner aristocratic Council to assist in the administration of the Republic. The first year of the Republic, 841 BC, is the beginning of the exact date in the existing historical materials of China.
Fourteen years (828 BC), Zhou Liwang died in *, the next year, prince ascended the throne, the end of the Republic. In historical records, Sima Qian, a historian of Han Dynasty, began to record the year from 841 BC, the first year of the Republic administration. This also gives a precise chronology of Chinese history. According to the Chinese traditional chronology, since the Republican period, there has been a continuous chronology system in the history of central China.
Influence
After the riots, the central government of the Zhou Dynasty was in a precarious state, and the throne was suspended for 14 years. During this period, the Zhou Zhao administration and the princes' throne coexisted in the Central Plains. This state of chaos lasted until King Xuan of Zhou ascended the throne, and then king Xuan of Zhou once again gained the position of the common master of the world. However, King Xuan of Zhou was not the eldest son of King li of Zhou. The reason why he ascended the throne was the result of the chaos in the Republican period.
Dispute
Zhou liwang ran away, but the Republican administration. The first year of the Republic, 841 B.C., is the beginning of the exact chronology of Chinese history. Previous history, there is no exact written record of the year, can only be inferred by archaeological relics, very vague.
Two phase Republic
The traditional view of official history headed by historical records is that Zhou Gong and Zhao Gong were in power together. Among them, the posthumous title of Zhao Gong is mu, which is named Hu, that is, Zhao Hu. [14] As for the Duke of Zhou, Jin Ben Zhu Shu Ji Nian, which was denounced as a fake book by scholars in Qing Dynasty, is said to be Duke of Zhou Ding.
Gongbo in politics
According to other histories, such as Bamboo Annals and Shiben, the administration of the Republic is to hold the throne of Gongbo and Gan, and take charge of the affairs of the emperor. When we talk about gongbohe, we can see that the king of Wei is in charge of the Duke of Wei. During the period of King li of Zhou Dynasty, Duke Wei Wu took office in the court. It is said that gongbohe is not weiwugong.
According to Meng Kang's annotation in Hanshu · geographer · Hanoi Prefecture, "Gongbo is the one who becomes the three gongs". Based on the analysis of Yi inscriptions, gongbohe should be the "teacher" first and then the "three gongs". In the first year of shiduzhen, there is an inscription "Shihe and his father walking around the horse". Experts believe that this "Shihe and his father" is gongbohe. Later, "Sima Gong" recorded in "shichending", "shiyuzhen", "Jianzhen" and "weishizhen" should be the gongbohe after promoted to Sima. According to the analysis of Yi Ming, the promotion time should be from the third year to the fifth year of King li of Zhou Dynasty. According to the inscription of Shi (abusive dog) GUI, "at the beginning of the first month of the first year of the first year, Ji Dinghai, Bo Hefu..." The so-called "Weiwang Yuannian" can't match with the date of Dinghai in the first month of liwang chronicle, but if the date of Dinghai in the first month of renwushuo in the first year of Gonghe chronicle is the sixth day of Dinghai in the first month of Gonghe chronicle, it's just the date of Dinghai. Some scholars judge that "Weiwang Yuannian" means "Gonghe Yuannian".
The problem of chronology
Although the Xia Shang Zhou dynastic project did not solve the Republican problem, it was regarded as an Independent Chronicle after King li of Zhou. In 2003, the bronze pan of the Western Zhou Dynasty was unearthed in Yangjia village, Meixian County, Shaanxi Province. The inscription shows that King li of Zhou was followed by King Xuan of Zhou, and the Republic period was not independent, which once again triggered the controversy of the Republic.
Evaluate
Republican administration is a major event in history. The first year of the Republic is the beginning of the exact chronology of Chinese history, which is of great significance. It created an accurate chronology of Chinese history. Since then, China's historical context has been clear, and up to now, there is no intermittent record. It is this event that can be traced back thousands of years without confusion. Before that, the history of China could only be legend and semi faith history, and the time context was very vague. It could only be traced back through cultural relics and archaeology, and the accuracy was not enough. Therefore, the Republican administration has played a very important milestone role in the history of China.
