The merchants of the Western Zhou Dynasty, like the hundred laborers at that time, were subordinate to the slave owners and nobles, and mainly managed for the nobles and served their needs. In the exchange between slave owners and nobles, the main currency was "Bei", which was still calculated by "Peng". The bronze ware of the early Zhou Dynasty, Xiao Chen Dan Chen, says: "Zhou Gongyi (TIN) Xiao Chen Dan Bei Shi Peng". "LINGJI" says: "Jiang Shang (reward) makes ten friends of Bei." "Zun" also says: "Yibei five friends". This kind of giving shellfish is not uncommon in the full text. According to the inscription of Weihe, a bronze ware of the Western Zhou Dynasty, recently discovered
“…… Wang Xun traveled in Feng. The common people of chubo took Viola Zhang (Zhang) from Qiu Wei, who was only eight or ten friends, and Jue (JUE) Chu, who gave up ten fields; chuor (also) took Chihu Liang, Jue Liang, and Jue Yi, who was only twenty friends, who gave up three fields.
This inscription says that the common people of zubo took the jade Zhang for pilgrimage from Qiu Wei, which is worth 80 friends and can be paid to "ten fields"; zubo also took two red tiger skins, two deer fur shawls and a multicolored apron, which is worth 20 friends and can be paid to "three fields", indicating that "Bei" had become a medium of exchange at that time. In the tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was more common to die for shellfish than in the Shang Dynasty. These shells, jade shells, bone shells and pottery shells, except for some as ornaments, were all buried as currency or currency symbols. In the early Zhou Dynasty, there were also records of giving "Ga" in the inscriptions, such as the bird inscription
"Wang Yijin Baiyi"
Guo Moruo said: "in Shuowen, it says:" five fingers are smoothed. From one sound, you can read ruolu. " According to the inscriptions in the Jin Dynasty, each hand holds one thing, but not the other. It's a pictographic word. It's said that it's a five finger stroke, but it's not a sound. The unit of force and quantity in Jin Wen is the second character. It is true that GA is used as a unit of weight in bronze inscriptions, but in some cases it is also used as a means of exchange. Gold, that is, copper, is an important commodity in itself, and also bears the function of currency. At that time, a lot of raw materials for bronze ware came from the south. In the book of songs · Lu Song · fengshui, it is mentioned that Huaiyi offered treasures, in addition to "Yuan GUI Xiang tooth", there is "Da Fu Nan Jin". The "South gold" here is the gold produced in the south, namely copper. The inscription of Zeng Bozhen in the spring and Autumn period also preached "Jin Dao Xi Xing". Guo Moruo said: This is "the way of paying tribute or trading with gold and tin. In ancient times, the South produced more gold and tin". Marine products have been found in some sites of Western Zhou Dynasty in Shaanxi and Henan, which reflects the trade relations between different places at that time.