There are many records of this struggle in the literature. "Bamboo annals" says: "Yi Gan Qi Wei, Qi Sha it." "Shiji · yanzhaogong aristocratic family" says: "Yu Jianyi had already regarded Qiren as an official and an old man, but Qiren was not enough to be in charge of the world, spread it to the benefit, and had already enlightened the party to attack and seize it. The world said that Yu's name was passed on to the world for the benefit of the people, and that he had actually ordered Qi to take it from himself. " "Han Feizi waichu Shuo (lower right)" also says: "in ancient times, Yu died, and it will be spread to the world for benefit. The enlightened people will stand up for benefit because of mutual attack."
The succession to the throne did not receive the unanimous support of the tribal alliance. Kai Sha Yi arouses discontent and resistance. Hu took the lead. "Xia Benji" in historical records says: "there is a Hu family who doesn't agree with it. He started the expedition and fought in Gansu." Youhu is a tribe in the early Xia Dynasty. It is located in Wei County, Shaanxi Province, and now it is called Hu County. Gan, in the south of Jue county. "Han Shu? Geographical records" says: "Wei, ancient country. There is a HuGu Pavilion. Hu, Xia Qi's attack. " "Kuo Di Zhi" says: "Jue County, this summer's Huguo also." "Records of the historian · Xia Benji" collected interpretation of Ma Rong said: "Gan, there are Hu's southern suburbs place names." Suoyin: "Xia Qi felled, there are Ganting in the south." Before there was Hu in the Qi Dynasty, he swore in GaN. The ruling position of Qi was established only after the suppression of Youhu.
The Xia Dynasty was based on the plunder of slave labor. Slave owners and nobles reduced the prisoners in the war to slaves and put them into production. Slave labor was unpaid. The slave owners seized a lot of wealth and further promoted the development of slavery.
Although the agriculture of Xia Dynasty still used wood, stone, bone and mussel production tools, it was able to control flood and build irrigation facilities on a large scale. In addition, the use of slave labor greatly increased the yield of crops.
With the accumulation of production and life experience, ancient people gradually realized that the astronomical calendar had a close relationship with agricultural production. Xia people have mastered a lot of knowledge about astronomy and calendar. Confucius once advocated "summer time". According to Xia Benji in historical records, "when Confucius was in the prime of Xia Dynasty, scholars mostly passed on Xia Xiaozheng." Xia Xiaozheng is the earliest almanac in China. Although it was written after Xia Dynasty, it records the knowledge of astronomy and calendar in Xia Dynasty. Xia people's knowledge of astronomy and calendar played an important role in promoting the development of agricultural production. The handicraft industry of Xia Dynasty had a high level. Smelting and casting copper industry is an important new handicraft industry. The complex process adopted in copper smelting and casting reflects the great progress of social economy. Lots of slaves put in labor, which made the copper smelting and casting industry develop rapidly.
According to documents, many tribes once offered copper to Xia to cast tripods. "Zuo Zhuan · Xuangong three years" says: "in the past Xia Dynasty, there was virtue, distant pictures, tribute to nine herdsmen, cast tripod like things." Jiumu, the head of Jiuzhou, should be the general name of the tribal leaders. "Gongjin Jiumu" is the reverse of "Jiumu Gongjin". Object refers to the image of the monster cast on the tripod. Qizeng sent people into the mountains to pick copper and cast tripods in Kunwu. The nine tripods were made in Xia Dynasty and spread to Shang and Zhou dynasties. "Mozi? Gengzhu" says: "in the past, after the summer, the flowers were cheap and the gold was broken in the mountains, while the pottery was cast in Kunwu Ding Cheng, three feet and square Sacrifice to the emptiness of Kunwu The nine tripods were completed and moved to the Three Kingdoms. If Xia Hou's family is lost, Yin people will accept it; if Yin people are lost, Zhou people will accept it. " The Han people avoided emperor Jing's taboo and changed it to Kai. The same as picking, that is digging also. Kunwu is a small country in Puyang, Henan Province. The Three Kingdoms refer to the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties.
Although the above records are legends, it is an objective fact that bronzes were used in Erlitou culture in Xia Dynasty. The Erlitou site once unearthed copper Jue, bronze bronze bronze, copper chisel, copper cone, copper knife, copper arrowhead, copper fish hook and round bronze ware inlaid with turquoise. Tongjue, containing 92% copper and 7% tin, is the earliest bronze vessel found in China. The manufacturing process of this bronze Baron is quite complicated, and it is made of many molds. At Erlitou site, bronze dagger was also unearthed, which is the earliest bronze weapon found in China. "Yue Jueshu" mentioned that Xia "used copper as a weapon", which can also be confirmed. The emergence of bronzes in Erlitou culture is an important symbol of social and economic development.
After Qi died, his son Tai Kang ascended the throne. Since then, the Xia Dynasty has experienced quite a long period of turmoil. Taikang was addicted to hunting, ignored state affairs, and gradually lost popular support. Hou Yi took the opportunity to expel Taikang. Taikang lived in the north of Luoshui with his five brothers and mother. Because the five brothers were not allowed to return home, they wrote "the song of the five sons" to vent their discontent and sorrow towards Taikang. Although the people of Xia Dynasty made Zhongkang the younger brother of Taikang king, the real power was still controlled by Houyi. Hou Yi was the leader of Youqiong family, not the same as Yi, the hero who shot at the sun in Yao Dynasty. After the death of Zhong Kang, Hou Yi usurped the throne of his son Xiang, overthrowing the Xia Dynasty. This is the so-called "Hou Yi replaced Xia" in history.
Houyi, who was good at shooting, alienated the good officials, took the political commissar of the court and his favorite minister hanzhuo, and went hunting all day. Han Zhuo had long coveted the throne, gathered his cronies, killed Hou Yi, cooked his meat, and forced his son to eat. His son refused and was killed. Hanzhuo became king by himself, and occupied Hou Yi's wife and gave birth to Douhe. Hanzhuo made every effort to eradicate the descendants of the Xia royal family. After pouring water into the human body, the prime minister was also killed after the removal of Zhen Xun's family who accepted him and his alliance with him. After Xiang's wife is pregnant, she fled back to her mother's home and has a family name of still, giving birth to Shaokang. When Shaokang became an adult, he once served as the muzheng of youstill's family. I'm going after Shaokang. Shaokang defected to Youyu's family, married his two daughters, and took up the post of paozheng. At this time, he owned 10% of the fields and a brigade of slaves. Shaokang gathered the power of the Xia people, contacted the remaining officials of the Xia Dynasty, such as Meihe and Youzhen, as well as the residual forces of Zhenxun and chongguan. Finally, it eliminated Guanhe and finally restored the rule of the Xia Dynasty, which is known as "the resurgence of Shaokang". After repeated fierce struggle, the slavery system of Xia Dynasty was established.
There are many records of the above-mentioned history in the literature. Xia Benji in historical records says: "emperor Taikang lost his country. The five kundi brothers had to write "the song of the five sons" in Luoji. Ji Jie quoted Kong Anguo as saying: "Pan Yu you Tian is not compassionate for civil affairs. He was expelled by Yi and cannot return to his country.". Also said: "Taikang five younger brother and his mother to Taikang in the north of Luoshui, blame its not contrary, pretending to sing.". In Zuo Zhuan, the fourth year of Xianggong, Du Yu Annotated: "Yu sun Taikang lost his country when he was prostituted, and Xia people established his younger brother Zhongkang. Zhong Kang is also weak. Zhongkang died, his son was established, and Yi then took the place of him. "Zuozhuan · weizhuangzi" says: "in the past, there was the decline of Xia. Hou Yi moved to qiongshi and replaced Xia government because of Xia people. Relying on its shot also, do not cultivate personnel, and credit Boming's calumny son hanzhuo. Zhuo killed Yi and cooked him to eat his son. He couldn't bear to eat his son and killed him in a poor family. Zhuo was born in Yishi, and he was born and poured. So that the water out of the water and the water to find the family, and the phase of the water out, after the return to have still, born Shaokang. In order to destroy Zhuo, Shaokang was established. Shaokang was destroyed in the past, and later Zhuhe was destroyed in the Ge, so he died when he was poor. "
The Emperor Century quoted by justice in Shiji · xiabenji traces back to the ancestors of Houyi and is handed down from generation to generation. The historical facts from "Hou Yi replaced Xia" to "Shaokang revived" are similar to those recorded in Zuo Zhuan: "emperor Yi had a poor surname, but he didn't know his first surname. Above the emperor, the world's palm shoots at the right. To ■, tonggong Suya was granted, and the title of "excavation Bulletin of No.3 and No.8 area of Erlitou site in Yanshi, Henan Province" was given, archaeology, No.5, 1975. ① New found bronzes and jades at Erlitou site, Yanshi, archaeology, 1976, No.4. In this way, it was shot by the emperor and passed through Yu and Xia. Yi learned to shoot at Jifu. His arm was long, so he was good at shooting and hearing. And the decline of Xia, since moved to poor stone, because Xia people to replace Xia Zheng. The emperor moved to Shangqiu, and according to the princes with the same surname, he searched. Yi, who was good at shooting, didn't practice civil affairs and indulged in wild animals. He abandoned his good officials, such as Wu Luo, Bo Yin, Xiong Kun and Liang, and believed in Han Zhuo. Han Zhuo, the slanderer of the Boming family, abandoned it after Boming, while Yi thought he was his own. Han Zhuo killed Yi in Taowu and cooked him to eat his son. His son couldn't bear to eat and died of poverty. Zhuoshui was the emperor of Xia Dynasty. Hanzhuo inherited the name of poverty. Because of Yi's family, he gave birth to Yi (i.e. pouring) and Chen. He is strong enough to sail on land. He killed the Prime Minister of Xia, sealed him in Guo, and sealed him in ge. Depending on its deceitful power, it has no sympathy for civil affairs. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, when he killed the emperor and the prime minister, his concubine had a daughter named still, who said that she would marry later, return to still, and give birth to Shaokang. At the beginning of the Xia Dynasty, the remaining officials of the Xia Dynasty were called MI. When Yi died, he fled to Youzhen family. He collected and searched the embers of the two countries, killed hanzhuo, established Shaokang, exterminated Yuguo, and later Zhumie Yuge. If you are poor, you will die. "
As for the lineage of the Xia Dynasty, there are detailed records in Shiji xiabenji: "emperor Qi, the son of Yu, and the daughter of his mother, Tushan's family." After the Xia Dynasty, Emperor Qi collapsed and Emperor Zi Tai Kang established Taikang collapse, brother in Kangli, is for emperor in Kangli After the collapse of Zhongkang, the emperor established himself. Emperor phase collapse, son emperor less Kang Li. Emperor Shaokang collapsed and Emperor Zi established it. Emperor to collapse, the son of emperor Huaili. When the emperor Huai falls, the son emperor mang stands. Emperor mang collapse, Zi Di Xie Li. Emperor Xie collapse, son emperor does not surrender. If the emperor does not fall, the younger brother will stand. When the emperor died, the son stood. When the emperor collapsed, he established Kongjia, the son of the emperor Kong jiabeng and Zi Di Gaoli. When the emperor Gao collapsed, the son emperor rose. When the emperor collapsed, the son of the emperor stood on his feet for Jie. "
The Xia Dynasty experienced nearly 500 years. The collection of Xia Benji in Shiji quoted Ji Zhong Ji Nian as saying: "it takes 471 years to have a king or not." The so-called "King" refers to the seventeen monarchs and fourteenth generations from Yu to Jie. "No king" was the time when Yi and hanzhuo usurped Xia.
