The strict sense of the patriarchal clan system, only in the Qing, officials, scholars within the scope of implementation. The ancestors of these families are generally the other sons of the monarch. The eldest son of the monarch is the crown prince, inheriting the throne, and other sons are other sons. Because biezi is also the son of the monarch, he is also called childe. The other son can not be the same ancestor as the prince who inherited the monarch. He must be separated from his family and become the ancestor of the inheritance system of the direct leader in the family. He will not change and is called the chief. Every son other than his eldest son, every son other than his eldest son They are all common people. For a large number of people, they are called Xiaozong. During this period, when the blood relationship lasted for more than five generations, they no longer lived in the original small clan. In the whole family composed of big and small clans, most of them are in the position of clan head, which is called zongzi. The other sons of this family usually have the titles of Qing and doctor, which are inherited by zongzi.
In a broad sense, patriarchal clan system also applies to the Zhou royal family. The eldest son of the king of Zhou was the crown prince. Most of the other princes were enfeoffed as princes inside and outside the royal capital, and the principle of blood relationship between them was quite similar to the patriarchal clan system of ministers, officials and scholars. In the early Zhou Dynasty, enfeoffment of the same surname reflected this principle. After King Kang, the territory of Zhou Dynasty was generally fixed, and the chance of enfeoffment was reduced. Most of the princes except the crown prince stayed in the court as ministers and officials, but enfeoffment did not disappear. Until the 22nd year of King Xuan of Zhou (806 BC), his brother and friends were enfeoffed in Zheng (now east of Huaxian County, Shaanxi Province).
Xiaozong revolved around a large number of people, with officials and officials defending the monarch and vassals defending the king of Zhou. In addition, the marriage links with different surnames constitute a huge network of consanguinity. The rulers of the Western Zhou Dynasty hoped to use this relationship to maintain their status and privileges.
Jifu
During the Western Zhou Dynasty, the area under the direct control of the king of Zhou was called Wangji. Taking Wangji as the center, it was divided into several costumes according to the geographical distance and the density of dynasty relations, which were collectively called Jifu. According to Guoyu zhouyu, Jifu is divided into five parts. They are Dianfu (Wangji), Houfu (princes granted by the dynasty), Bingfu (fangguofu belongs to the Zhou Dynasty), Yaofu and Huangfu (all remote minorities). There are different opinions about Jifu in other literatures.
Wu Fu had different obligations to the dynasty, and Shi was competent to pay tribute. There is a tribute for Dian Fu at any time, a monthly tribute for Hou Fu, a monthly tribute for bin Fu, and a yearly tribute for bin Fu. If there is a tribute for Huang Fu, the king will only pay tribute once in his life. This kind of stipulation is idealistic, but to a certain extent, it reflects the relationship between Zhou Dynasty and its far and near areas.
Princes
The princes of the Western Zhou Dynasty had the same surname and different surnames. Princes with the same surname, that is, Ji, were in front of those with different surnames in the alliance. Many different surnames were married to the Zhou royal family, such as Jiang, Ren, GUI and Si. In the early Zhou Dynasty, the descendants of the former dynasties were also praised, such as Ji (now Beijing, later Yan), Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan), Qi (now Qixian, Henan) after Yao, and song after Shang. Some of the princes were states of Shang Dynasty, which were recognized by Zhou Dynasty; others were new vassals.
To establish a vassal state, land, mountains and rivers and people should be given, and treasures should be given at the same time, with different levels. According to the traditional view, there are five ranks: Gong, Hou, Bo, Zi and Nan. From the perspective of land, Gong and Hou are 100 Li, Bo 70 Li and Zi and Nan 50 Li, which are actually three grades. As for the land less than 50 Li, it belongs to the vassal, called vassal. According to the research on the inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there are five kinds of titles, and there are certain systems, but they are not necessarily so fixed and regular.
Official system
According to the most detailed Zhouli, there were six ministers in charge of several officials in the Zhou Dynasty, including situ, who was in charge of the state religion, and his officials were in charge of the land and people, Xiang Sui, mountains and rivers; Zongbo, who was in charge of the state ceremony, and his officials were in charge of the temple sacrifice, tomb, ritual music, bu Zhu Wu history, Che Qi, and so on; Sima, who was in charge of the state politics, and his officials were in charge of the army, field service, Che Ma, and fengjiang In addition, he also took charge of the punishment, lawsuit, oath, agent, thief, guest and so on. Sikong, because the original text of Zhouli is incomplete, the details are unknown. Most scholars think that Zhouli is too detailed to have such a uniform official system in the Western Zhou Dynasty. However, compared with the discovered inscriptions, Zhouli is similar in many aspects. According to statistics, the existing official names in Zhouli are 356 officials, and 96 officials are the same or similar to those in Jinwen. It can be seen that there are quite a few elements in Zhouli, which reflect the reality of the official system of the Western Zhou Dynasty. According to the book of history, King Cheng of Zhou summoned "Rui Bo, Tong Bo, Bi Gong, Wei Hou, Mao Gong, Shi Shi Shi, Hu Chen, Bai Yin and Yu Shi" when he died. In the reign of King Kang, there were "three lefts and three rights" in the small bronze pot, which also referred to the six ministers around the king. The establishment of Liuqing was the center of the official system of the dynasty. The official system of the vassal states was similar to that of the dynasty, but the scale was small, and the official names were mostly the same as those of the dynasty.
