In the pre Qin period, the principle of "marriage without marriage with the same surname" was followed. "Surname" represents blood, which is used to distinguish marriage, and "surname" is used to distinguish between noble and cheap. In the original surname, guyanwu, a great scholar in the late Ming Dynasty, wrote: "the family name is variable and changeable, and the surname is unchanged for millions of years.".
The family name will not change, and the family will change with the change of its family status. For example, Zhao Dun, the official of Jin State, has three different mothers, namely Zhaotong, zhaokuo and zhaoyingqi. Zhao Tongshi in the original, Zhao Kuo food in the screen, Zhao Ying Qi food in the building, so these three people are also known as the original same, screen, building baby (louyingqi), the original, screen, building, and so on respectively for the three "surname.". Zhao Dun also has a cousin named Zhao Zhuang, who was sealed in Handan, not Handan family. The Zhi family, Zhongxing family and Cheng family of Jin state are all the other branches of Xun family. Wei family of Jin also has different branches of Linghu, Lu and so on.
It is said that the Qin state is the surname Zhao of Ying, which is mostly influenced by Simaqian's "history and discipline". In Simaqian's time, the surname was no longer divided. Simaqian said that the Qin State saw the original Qin Dynasty as Zhao surname Ying, but did not see it. Moreover, there is no record of the Qin state as "Zhao surname Ying" in the historical records of the pre Qin Dynasty. Therefore, the Qin state is worthy of investigation for the claim of Ying surname Zhao.
The main theoretical basis of the identification of Qin state as Zhao surname Ying is "Qin Zhao Tongzu". According to the historical records, the famous scholar Ji Sheng has been born to the father in the next five generations. He was honored as Zhao City by King Zhou mu, thus he was Zhao. But the ancestors of Qin came to be the elder brother of Ji Sheng and the elder brother of the famous and honest. "Shi" is usually inherited directly from the lineage. According to the fact that the same ancestor of Qin Zhao had lived in the sixth dynasty, the blood had been alienated. It was not the reason why Zhao was made by his father, and his distant family was also named Zhao.
Moreover, although the ancestors of Qin Dynasty had a little later than Zhao's, they could be said to be the later generations. The ancestors of Qin Dynasty were praised by the king of Zhou filial piety for being good at raising horses, and became the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. By the time of Qin Xianggong in the spring and Autumn period, Qin was officially listed as princes, while one of Zhao was officially named as princes in the Warring States period. Zhao can say that it is far from Qin's glory, "Shi" is the embodiment of family social status, and the family status is promoted, and it can be established separately as a "surname", and there is no reason for Zhao.
Third, according to Gu Yanwu in the original surname. The most expensive is the monarch, the monarch has no family, not called the State Second, the son, the son without a surname, does not call the surname the son The lowest is common people, the commoner has no family, and he does not call it the name of the family
"Shi" is used to distinguish between noble and humble, and the monarch is the most noble, and does not need to distinguish with "Shi". As in Japan before Meiji Restoration, the surname is the symbol of noble status, and only the samurai class has the surname. After Meiji Restoration, the Japanese civilian class only had "surname". However, the "royal family" in Japan has no "surname" so far, because it is not necessary for the root to use the surname to reflect the social status.
The same was true in the pre Qin period. Besides some of the States, such as Chu and Qi States, Han, Zhao and Wei, etc. since the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were surnames before they got the state, so they had their surnames. And more princes, such as Jin, Lu, Wei, Wu, Zheng, etc., actually have no family. After the extinction of these States, most of their public families took their "state" as their surname. For example, the surnames of Jin, Lu, Wei, Wu and Zheng all come from the public groups of these kingdoms. Qin is the same reason, and the most important family of Qin family is from the public of Qin. Therefore, Qin should be more reliable in order to "Ying surname Qin".
