Sanmiao, together with huandou, Gonggong and Gan, are called "four crimes". The name of the ancient tribe from the time of Emperor Huang to Yao, Shun and Yu in Chinese legend. It is also called "Youmiao". There are some in the northwest and some in the south of the Yangtze River.
Tribal origin
The name of the tribe from the Yellow Emperor to Yao, Shun and Yu in ancient Chinese legend. It is also called "Youmiao".
Origin
Redords of the Grand History of China
It is recorded in Volume I of historical records, the first chapter of the five emperors' annals that "huandou came to talk about Gonggong, and Yao said that he could not try Gongshi, and Gonggong was successful. Yao thought that it was impossible for the four mountains to control the flood. Yue Qiang asked him to have a try, but he failed, so it was inconvenient for the people. Sanmiao was in chaos in Jianghuai and Jingzhou, so shungui came to the emperor and asked him to work together in Youling to change Beidi; fanghuandou was in Chongshan to change Nanman; Sanmiao was moved to Sanwei to change Xirong; Zhuo was in Yushan to change Dongyi: four sins make the whole world Xianfu. "
Here we quote the translation of Xie Huiquan and Zhang Deping: "Huan Dou once recommended Gonggong, but Yao said" no way ". Huan Dou tried his craftsman, and Gonggong really indulged in heresy. Siyue once recommended him to control the flood. Yao said, "no way." but Siyue insisted on trying, but it was not effective. So all officials thought it was not suitable. Sanmiao has caused many disturbances in the Yangtze River, Huaihe River Basin and Jingzhou area. At this time, Shun came back to report to Emperor Yao, asking for Gonggong to be exiled to Youling to turn it into Beidi; huandou to Chongshan to turn it into Nanman; Sanmiao to dashanwei mountain to turn it into Xirong; and ganliu to Yushan to turn it into Dongyi. After punishing these four sinners, the whole world is convinced. " This may be the reason why Sanmiao was moved, and it is also a historical statement about Sanmiao.
Legend
When Yao was in power, Sanmiao was in trouble. Yao sent troops to fight in Danshui to defeat Sanmiao. During the period of Yu, Sanmiao was not satisfied. Yu and Sanmiao had a 70 day war. Since then, Sanmiao disappeared in historical records. Since then, there have been no more Sanmiao activities in historical records.
Myths and legends
The southern clan group in the legendary period. It is also called "Sanmiao" and "Youmiao". Its location, there are northwest, that is, Gansu area, south of the Yangtze River said. Scholars in Han and Wei dynasties say that Sanmiao is a descendant of Jiuli tribe with Chiyou as its king. Yao fought with Sanmiao in Danshui area, and banished some of them to Sanwei. Yu attacked Sanmiao and defeated the Miao division. Sanmiao disappeared in historical records.
"Liu Tao" said: "Yao had Miao in Danshui, and" Lu's spring and Autumn Annals · Zhao Lei "said" Yao fought Danshui to subdue Nanman ". Some scholars believe that the three Miao editions of the ancient books are in the north and have nothing to do with the southwest ethnic minorities of later generations.
Historical evolution
In Jiangxi Province, south of the Yangtze River, since the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, there have been many families with Wei as their surname. According to the research of scholars in previous dynasties, they may be the descendants of Sanmiao. This is exactly what Wang Fu, a scholar of the Eastern Han Dynasty, said in his Qianfu Lun: "Wei's family, after Sanmiao.".
