Stuttering is also called stuttering and stuttering, which means that it is not easy to speak. It is a kind of speech disorder in medicine.
Sima Qian's "Fei" here refers to Han Feizi. Han Feizi is a typical stutterer, but he is the one who can't even talk. He is busy teaching people how to talk all his life.
In historical records, Han Feizi and Lao Tzu of Taoism are put together for biography, but in the end, people still put him in legalism according to the facts. Han Fei, like many leading figures of various schools of thought, is also of noble origin (the ancestor of Confucianism and Confucius was the royal family of Shang Dynasty, the Prime Minister of Song Dynasty in the spring and Autumn period; Mencius was the descendant of Mencius, the nobleman of Lu kingdom; the ancestor of Mozi was also the royal family of yin and Shang Dynasty; the ancestor of Xunzi was Zhongxing, one of the six Qing Dynasties of Jin Dynasty; the ancestor of Zhuangzi was song Daigong, the monarch of Song Dynasty) ）"Han Fei is the son of Han." Han Fei was a noble son of the Korean royal family. To be specific, he was a mother compatriot with Han Wang.
He was good at studying the name and magic of punishment. He went to Shandong and became a disciple of Xunzi with Li Si of Chu. At that time, he was better than Li Si. After learning, Han Fei was eager to put his school to use, and naturally served the motherland first. But Han Wang didn't appreciate his style. Han Fei was very depressed. As a result of stuttering, oral debate is very inconvenient, he had to use words to express his views on the governance of the herdsmen, and wrote several magnificent articles that moved the world. Among them, the most famous one, titled "Shuonan", is dedicated to instructing people how to speak and how to lobby in front of the king.
It's very interesting. Han Feizi teaches people to be very serious, and every sentence is very reasonable.
He said that the first thing to do in lobbying is to master the other party's mind. This is the most premise and the most difficult part. "It's not difficult for me to say what I know; it's not difficult for me to argue; it's not difficult for me to understand what I mean; it's not difficult for me to dare to lose everything. The difficulty of saying lies in knowing what is said. I can say that it should be said. " It's not so difficult to eat the bowl of rice that one's intelligence is not enough to persuade the other, that one's eloquence is not good enough, that one can't express one's feelings freely because of some taboos. It's very important to understand the listener's interests and hobbies, that your words can reach his heart.
Han Fei gives an example. For example, if you tell a person who is good at fame and wealth, he will despise you for being too low. On the contrary, if you tell a person who is greedy for money and love money about fame and wealth, he will laugh at you for being absent-minded. It's just the surface. What's more, some officials love money in their hearts but pretend to be dignified on the surface. This is very difficult. It requires the lobbyists to be careful and observant.
Secondly, don't deliberately expose the minds of the lobbyists in order to show off your cleverness, "if so, you are in danger". In this way, you will not only fail to convince the other party, but also cause death. For example, in the process of the monarch's ruling, it is inevitable that there have been mistakes. As soon as you come up, you don't know where the mistakes are and how harmful they are. This is called the typical "which pot does not open and which pot does not mention".
Third, don't talk rashly in front of the king. If you talk rashly with the monarch about his ministers, he will suspect that you have provoked the relationship between the monarch and his ministers; if you talk about the lower level bureaucrats, he will think that you have taken advantage of others; if you praise the people favored by the monarch, he will suspect that you want to find those people to support you; if you criticize the people he hates, he will think that you are testing his bottom line.
The fourth is to have a good sense of propriety and style of speaking. Otherwise, if you speak directly, the king will think that you are not intelligent enough, so he will despise you; if you are always full of quotations, he will be tired of you; if you talk about things, he will misunderstand you and hide; if you speak freely, he may be dissatisfied with your conceit and arrogance, and call you a king.
Fifthly, you should accurately assess the depth of your friendship with the lobbyists, so as to appropriately choose what to say and what not to say. Don't talk freely without the absolute trust of others.
Sixth, lobbying skills are to praise the most proud and confident part of the other party, and resolutely avoid the weakness of the other party. For example, if the king thinks his strategy is brilliant, you should give him a thumbs up. Don't mention that he has failed at this time. If he thinks he is decisive, you should never talk about his former superiority and softness. If he praises his ability and has no problems that can't be solved, you should speak out loud, but don't think twice. If it comes to the other party's past blemish, you should be able to smooth it out and say with indifference that the blemish is not a blemish at all.
Seventh, the ultimate sign of successful lobbying is that "Zhou Ze has a long time to go, and he has a deep plan but no doubt. He has a clear plan but no crime in fighting. He has a clear idea of his interests so that he can make a contribution and directly point out the right and wrong in order to decorate himself." If you can work with the monarch for a long time, make a harmonious relationship, get his favor from time to time, plan for him without being doubted, and even argue with each other, he will not blame him, and directly point out his mistakes. The other party will not only accept them happily, but also correct them in time. This is a real success in life for a person who wins honor and wealth by mouth.
