The order of Tuen was an important political order issued by the Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in order to consolidate the centralization of power. The decree required the princes to divide their own seals to their children. Later, according to the order, the smaller the number of the princes, the emperor of Han Dynasty took advantage of the opportunity to weaken his power.
Since the two dynasties of Wen and Jing, how to limit and weaken the expanding powers of the princes has been a serious problem for the emperor. In the reign of Wen, Jia Yi, in view of the rebellion of Huainan and king of Jinan, proposed "building princes without their power" in the public security policy.
The specific method is to divide the princes into several countries, so that the descendants of the princes can share the land in turn and finish the land; Those who seal the land are vast and the children are few will be granted the title of the founding of the people, and they will be divided after their children are born.
The Han Dynasty implemented the county system, so the development of the order of pushing the grace was based on the county system to improve, by the previous regions under the jurisdiction of the princes only by their eldest son, changed to the prince of the prince, the second son, the three children jointly inherited.
The historical background of the tynling
During the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, the national power of the unified empire was quite strong. But there were three major problems at that time:
First, the princes still have certain political and military forces, which is an unstable factor;
Second, the land annexation is serious, the society is turbulent, and the class contradiction develops continuously;
Third, the Huns invaded constantly, and the two Vietnam kept creating trouble, which made the border of the Western Han Dynasty restless.
These three factors prompted the emperor to further strengthen the centralization of power to avoid the situation that the foreign enemies had not yet attacked, and the internal Dynasty collapsed first.
Who put forward the tweet?
There is a clear record in historical materials on who the tweeting is. The proponent of the Tuen order was the father Yan, the Minister of the Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
The main father Yan was from Linzi, Shandong Province. He was born in a poor family. He had the experience of traveling around the major princes because of the exclusion of Confucianism in Qi. However, all the princes he had arrived did not give him the courtesy he wanted. Finally, he chose to go to Chang'an, the capital of Han Dynasty and the residence of the emperor.
After arriving in Chang'an, the father Yan directly wrote to the Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty to express his idea of meeting saints, and was successfully summoned by the emperor that day. In a short period of time, he was promoted four times in a row, and later became the Minister of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty in the Palace. In fact, he was the private adviser of the emperor.
After this important status, the Lord and Yan had a certain influence on the political aspects of the time. For the Han Dynasty in this period, how to solve the great situation of the princes peacefully was a problem in the emperor's heart. The order of pushing grace was proposed by him to the Emperor Wu in this situation.
After that, he was pleased by the emperor because of many suggestions that met the needs of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. The father Yan of this period was a temporary scenery, but he was finally killed by the emperor because of corruption and bribery, which led to the extinction of the whole family.
It is no doubt that the Tuen Ling is the proposal of Lord and Yan. From this aspect, it can be seen that he has real skills, but finally, because of a word "greed", he put himself on the road.
The main contents of the tweet
The order of Tuen was an important decree in the Han Dynasty, which was carried out in the period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, aiming to reduce the feudal land of the princes and weaken the sphere of influence of the princes. The main content is to pass on the situation that the princes and princes can only pass the seal and the title to the first son. They are required to divide the seal into several parts, which can be used to pass on to their sons to form the state of the state directly under the central government.
In the early Han Dynasty, the titles of the princes and the feudal areas were inherited by the first sons alone, and the rest of the common descendants could not get a place to be. Although the two dynasties took some measures to cut the vassal clan, in the early years of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty, "the princes or even cities were dozens, and the places were thousands of miles, and the latter was arrogant and easily obscene; Hurry will hinder its strong and conform to the plan to reverse the capital teacher. The large area and military presence of the various kingdoms seriously threatened the centralization of the Han Dynasty.
Therefore, in the first month of 127 BC, Emperor Wu adopted the proposal of the Lord and Yan and issued the "order of pushing the grace". The order of Tuen learned the lessons of seven countries' chaos caused by the order of cutting the vassal issued by Chao wrong in the period of emperor Jing. It stipulated that the princes, in addition to the first son, inherited the throne, the rest of the common sons were granted the marquis in the original state, and the newly granted Marquis was no longer under the jurisdiction of the Kingdom, and was directly managed by the counties, and the status was equivalent to that of the county.
What extent are the Ten Kingdoms that are smaller and smaller“ The big country is only more than ten cities, while the small country is only ten li. In the whole country, the county of Han Dynasty is 80% - 90% of the total land area, which is directly under the central government. Moreover, the county is always inserted between the princes and the other countries. The land of the county is staggered with the land of the Hou state, which makes the Hou countries unable to connect, And counties always occupy or hold favorable terrain.
The Hou state could no longer compete with the central government, and the centralization of power was strengthened. This makes the kingdoms not be cut off in name, so as to avoid the possibility of arousing the lords to carry out armed resistance.
Therefore, "vassal states began, and their children were Bihou", which led to the smaller the division of the feudal state, and the great powers were weakened greatly. Since then, "the great powers are only more than ten cities, but the small princes are only ten li". Even if the princes dare to rely on their own support for their own self-esteem to rebel, the Central Committee can quickly rebel.
The order also stipulated that after the death of the princes, the first son inherited the throne, and other children divided the Kingdom part of the land for the princes, and the princes were under the jurisdiction of the county. The emperors were allowed to push "private grace" to divide part of the Kingdom land to their children as princes, and the emperors made the names of these kingdoms.
According to the Han system, Hou state belongs to the county, and its status is equal to that of the county. Therefore, the kingdom is divided into a Hou state, which is the reduction of the Kingdom and the expansion of the land directly under the government of the court. After the order of the push, the Kingdom asked to divide the capital children, "so the vassal state began to split, and the son Bihou Yi." The court "can not dethrone the Zhi and the vassal state analyzes itself".
After Emperor Wu, the kingdom had no more than several counties, and its status was equal to that of the county. In this way, the problem of the great difficulty of Wang Qiang of the princes was further solved.
What's the effect of the tweeting?
The order of Tuen was an important decree carried out by liuche, the emperor of Han Dynasty. The function of the order was to reduce the land of the princes and weaken the influence of the princes.
In fact, since the two dynasties of Wen and Jing, the feudal emperors have been facing a serious problem, that is, how to curb and weaken the growing influence of other princes.
In the early years of Emperor Wu, there were still many pools in some large-scale countries, even thousands of miles. They resisted the people's lives and threatened the further consolidation of centralized power. In the early Han Dynasty, the throne of Hou Wang could only be inherited by his first son, and the son and grandson of the commoner did not have the qualification of inheritance.
Therefore, in the previous 127 years, the Lord and Yan put forward new suggestions in the last book to the emperor, the lord father Yan thought that if the prince's children did not have their own land, the way of benevolence and filial piety would not be promoted. So he suggested that the princes should be the princes to separate their children.
In this way, on the surface, it is to give good, in fact, the real purpose is to divide their land to weaken the power of the princes. This proposal not only conforms to Liu Che's consolidation of autocratic centralization, but also skilfully avoids the possibility of resistance of various princes. So the proposal was immediately adopted, and the tweet order was officially launched and implemented in the first month of the spring.
The function of the Tuen order is not only to strengthen his centralized system, but also to weaken the feudal and power of the princes in different regions cleverly from the other hand. They have not enough ability to fight with the centralization of power naturally. The role of the order of the Tuen is to make the country stable and the people free from the war and chaos.
