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| King of Yu |
Main process
In the process of establishing the royal power, Yu continued to fight against Sanmiao. He was in charge of many monarchs, and regarded himself as pursuing the destiny, which showed that he had mastered the highest royal power and obtained the status of "Xia Hou". After a fierce battle, Sanmiao was defeated. This was a large-scale military expedition, through which the kingship of Yu was strengthened.
After the establishment of the royal power, Yu established Yangcheng (Gaocheng Town, Dengfeng County, Henan Province) as the capital city in the Yang of Songshan, where the Chongs tribe was located. Later, he moved to Yangzhai (Yuzhou City, Henan Province).
In order to consolidate the royal power, Yu went south along the Yingshui river. At Tushan (Huaiyuan County in the western suburb of Bengbu, Anhui Province) in the middle reaches of the huaishui River, he met the leaders of many states and tribes of Xia and Yi tribes. This was the "Tushan meeting". At this time, most of the original tribal leaders were transformed into hereditary nobles and became the kings of various states. This Congress is an important symbol of the formal establishment of the Xia Dynasty.
Historical records
In Zuo Zhuan, the seventh year of AI Gong, there is a record that "Yu cooperated with the princes in Tushan, holding the jade and silk among all nations", but there is no record about the meeting of Tushan in Shiji. There is also a saying in the book of the later Han Dynasty that "as for the meeting of Tushan, the princes inherited the prosperity of Yu in the Tang Dynasty, and there were also nations holding jade and silk. According to the book of mountains and seas, it is said that Yu's envoy dazhangbu came from the East pole. As for xichui, it was 233500 Li and 71 steps. However, the records in Houhanshu may have originated from Zuozhuan.
In addition, Zuozhuan records another meeting of Tushan called by King Mu of Zhou Dynasty in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In Zuo Zhuan, there is a record of "Mu Youtu mountain meeting". It is also mentioned that "King Mu had the meeting of Tushan" in the annotation of "Shiji chushijia".
Follow up impact
After the establishment of the Xia Dynasty, Dayu enfeoffed many vassal states on the basis of the former Prince sun vassal states. In order to review the number of vassal states in the world and maintain the relationship between Xia Dynasty and vassal states, Dayu decided to hold a meeting of vassal states. Because it was time for all the princes to come to the court, Xia Yu took the opportunity to hold the suburban sacrifice ceremony, and all the princes stayed in Yangcheng to help sacrifice. At the time of sacrifice, Dayu bowed his head and prayed deeply. The first part is to pray for the blessings of the country and the year for the people. The second part says that the world will receive the blessings of Shun, and that the sages will be passed on in the future. They will never have a family name, which means that they will receive the blessings of the saints: "I'd like to find out that among the officials, Gao Tao is the only one who has achieved the wisdom of the saints and has made great achievements and virtues "。
After the sacrifice, the princes scattered and gathered again. We are deeply dissatisfied with Dayu. One of the princes said: "it's really funny that he recommended gaotao to heaven. Gaotao was dying of old age and was in danger. Who didn't know? Isn't it true that he wants Zen to be in his place? "One of the princes continued:" I heard that the son of Xiayu Qi had gathered countless confidants and wanted to inherit the throne. Where was Dayu willing to pass on the sages? "Later, all the unsatisfied princes went back.
After Dayu's suburban sacrifice, he was puzzled to see that there were as many as thirty kingdoms who refused to accept and left. By calculation, the number of countries that are not satisfied is more in the East and south. So Dayu decided to hold a meeting of Dukes in Tushan, Southeast of Yangcheng, as soon as possible to review his mistakes. The Tushan meeting is generally regarded as a landmark event of the establishment of the Xia Dynasty in China. On the day of the formal meeting, Dayu wore a Dharma suit and stood on the stage with xuangui in his hand. The four princes were divided into two sides according to the direction of his territory. They all saluted Dayu and Dayu also saluted him on the stage. After the ceremony, Xia Yu said to the princes in a loud voice: "I am weak in virtue and not good enough to convince the public. I call you to hold this meeting in the hope that you will understand the sincere reproach, discipline and exhortation, so that I can know and correct my mistakes. Although I have done a little bit of hard work, what I have been most cautious about in my life is arrogance. The former Emperor often admonished me with this saying: "if you are not proud, the world will not compete with you; if you are not proud, the world will not compete with you". If I am proud, please tell me face to face, otherwise it will teach me to be unkind! I am all ears to your teachings. "We all know that Yu was appointed by heaven, and the princes who had originally had opinions on him also showed respect and admiration when they saw his attitude, which eliminated their original doubts.
At this conference, all the princes brought gifts of congratulation, including jade from big countries and silk from small countries. According to historical records, "the princes of Yuhui were in Tushan, holding jade and silk from all countries.". After Dayu enjoyed all the princes, he rewarded them again and declared the tribute law, requiring that they must pay according to the rules. At the same time, Dayu also said that he would do his best to protect the rights of the vassal states from infringement by neighboring countries. After the Tushan meeting, the princes left happily. Dayu also led his officials back to Yangcheng, the capital. On the way to the capital, there was an urgent report saying that gaotao had passed away. Dayu was very sad to hear that. After returning to the capital, he recommended Boyi to heaven. In this way, when the suspicious princes knew that they had misunderstood Dayu, they firmly supported Dayu and at the same time actively offered all kinds of tributes.
In order to show his respect, the princes from all sides often came to Yangcheng to offer "gold", that is, bronze. Later, the amount of copper presented by Kyushu increased year by year. Dayu remembered that the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan's Ding had been made. In order to commemorate the Tushan meeting, he prepared to cast "gold" presented by all the princes into several big Ding. However, in order not to be blamed by the princes, Dayu, after careful consideration, decided which state's tribute, and used it to cast the tripod of which state, and cast the mountains and rivers situation of which state on it. And cast all kinds of strange animals and gods and monsters on the tripod, so that the people of Kyushu know which one is God and which one is traitor.
A few months later, Dayu had been in power for five years. Xia Yu inherited the system of Emperor Shun, and also went hunting at the age of five. After returning from the hunting tour, the magnificent nine tripods were cast, namely Jizhou tripod, Yanzhou tripod, Qingzhou tripod, Xuzhou tripod, Yangzhou tripod, Jingzhou tripod, Yuzhou tripod, Liangzhou tripod and Yongzhou tripod. On the tripod are the famous mountains and rivers, birds and animals of various states. Nine tripods symbolize nine states, among which Yuzhou tripod is the central tripod, and Yuzhou is the central hub. Jiuding was concentrated in Yangcheng, the capital of Xia Dynasty, which showed that Dayu, the king of Xia, became the leader of Jiuzhou, and the world was unified from then on. Jiuding then became the place of "destiny" and the symbol of the supremacy of monarchy and the unity and prosperity of the country. Dayu called Jiuding the treasure of Zhenguo. When all the princes came to the court, they all paid homage to Jiuding. Since then, Jiuding has become the most important ritual vessel in the country. Later, Xia Dynasty was destroyed by Shang Dynasty, and Jiuding was moved to Haoyi, the capital of Shang Dynasty. The Shang Dynasty was destroyed by the Zhou Dynasty, and the nine tripods were moved to the ho capital of the Zhou Dynasty. Later, King Cheng built a new capital in Luoyi, and placed the nine tripods in Luoyi, which is called Dingding. This is the so-called "tripod in the country, tripod lost, the country died.". Jiuding, as the treasure of Zhenguo and the tripod of Chuanguo, was only handed down for three generations. About 2000 years later, it disappeared mysteriously due to frequent wars on weekends. So far, it has become an eternal mystery.
Legend
At the same time, he had to fight. During the period of Yu, there were two decisive Wars: the war with Gonggong and Sanmiao.
Gonggong family failed to control the flood before Dayu. With jealousy, he didn't want to see Dayu's success, so he tried every means to direct the flood to kongsang mountain (now Qufu, Shandong Province) where Dayu was. After kongsang mountain was submerged, the water control project had to stop temporarily.
At that time, Tu Shan had a strong military force, and was the most powerful among all parties in the Central Plains. Gaotao was the leader of Tushan family, and Yu appointed gaotao as the criminal officer. The two families formed a strong political alliance and gave strong support to Dayu's flood control. According to the book of Shun, Yu was Sikong, gaotao was a scholar, and Boyi was Yu. After Yu was the emperor, gaotao and boyiti took the lead, and the Tushan family became the most important force of the Xia family. In order to further obtain the support of his wife and family, Dayu and nvjiao held an emergency military meeting in Tushan, preparing to fight to the death with Gonggong. According to Zuo Zhuan, "Yu Hui's princes lived in Tushan, holding jade and silk among all nations"; historical records says: "the prosperity of Xia was also based on Tushan.". It was the Tushan society that established Yu's position as the world leader. The people who went to court to see Yu were all holding jade and silk, and the ceremony was very grand. After the meeting began, Fangfeng, a tribal leader named Wang Mang's Fang state, was bribed by the Gonggong, intending to ignore Dayu's orders. Dayu made a quick decision and killed Fangfeng at the meeting to make an example. This shows that at that time, Yu had changed from the leader of the tribal alliance to the real king. This made the monarchs of all the participating countries deeply afraid, so they had to listen carefully to the command of Dayu. Gonggong was soon defeated by Dayu, but XiangLiu, Gonggong's minister, was unconvinced and tried to continue to resist. XiangLiu is greedy and often snatches people's food. People describe him as having nine heads and eating amazing food. Every time he eats food from nine mountains. Dayu then led the attack and killed XiangLiu. Gonggong knew that he was not Yu's opponent, so he escaped. It is said that he was killed by Zhu Rong in the end.
Another accomplice of Gonggong, he Bo, saw that the situation was not right, and his attitude changed sharply. He made a 180 degree turn, jumped out of the river and offered "Luoshu" for leniency.
At the Tushan meeting, Dayu praised the meritorious, rewarded the meritorious and punished the evildoers. Dayu appointed gaotao as his prime minister and nvjiao as his concubine. He left Qi in Tushan's country for cultivation and continued to seek the support of his wife and family. To commemorate the victory over the flood, Yu used the copper produced in Kyushu at that time to cast nine tripods, which were carved with strange animals and birds to represent Kyushu. Therefore, the nine tripods became the symbol of future state power. Dayu originated from the people and had strong people-oriented thought. Based on enriching the people, he made frequent visits to understand the situation of the people and to visit the talented people. Hang the bell, drum, chime and duo in front of the hall and issue a notice: those who teach me to beat the drum, those who teach me to beat the bell, those who tell me to do justice, those who tell me to shake the duo, those who tell me about difficulties, and those who complain. At the beginning of the imperial edict, the sages all over the world came upon hearing of it.
Soon, Dayu directed the final war against Sanmiao. This was a large-scale military expedition, through which the kingship of Xia Yu was strengthened.
Chiyou, the chieftain of the Jiuli tribe, was divided into nine groups, also known as "Jiuli", which was later known as "Sanmiao". He first lived in the Yellow River Basin and was killed when he failed to fight with the Yellow Emperor. In the era of Zhuanxu and DIHE, "Jiuli" developed rapidly while Gonggong competed with Zhuanxu and DIHE for the throne. Zhuan Xu defeated Sanmiao many times. In the Yao and Shun dynasties, Sanmiao rose again and was defeated again.
After Yu inherited the leader of Huaxia tribal alliance, Sanmiao stirred up trouble again. In order to further expand the living space of primitive residents and unify the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it has become an urgent national strategy. Therefore, Yu decided to fight a large-scale war against Sanmiao. Before Yu sent out his troops, a grand religious ceremony was held in the ancestral temple to offer sacrifices to heaven and ancestors.
Yu, holding xuangui in his hand, said, "Sanmiao is in chaos. Heaven will punish them. Because they did not listen to enlightenment, rebelled many times and killed innocent people. Now, there are demons everywhere. They are born strange. The sun shines at night, and it rains blood for three days. In the hot summer, they even ice. The five grains planted in the field have also changed. Green dragons appear in ancestral temples. Dogs howl in the city. People are frightened and complain. I have been ordered by heaven and my ancestors to fight against them. I hope that we can work together and fight bravely to wipe out those guilty people. " This is the famous Shangshu Yugong in history.
Sanmiao saw that Yu led his army to fight, and hastily led the people to resist. However, the army led by Yu was well-trained, high morale and extremely strong, and the three Miao people were defeated and defeated. Soon after the war, the leader was shot to death by the archers of the Dongyi tribe. The leader was killed, the Miao army was in chaos, and they fled for their lives. Most of them fled to the southwest and were gradually integrated by the local aboriginal tribes. It is said that the Miao people who live in Hunan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan, Sichuan and Guizhou today are the descendants of the three Miao people.
Yu conquered Sanmiao and unified the Yangtze River Basin. After that, there was a rare peaceful and prosperous society in China.
