Pork used to be "Heaven meat", which aristocrats could enjoy
Pigs, which were found 40 million years ago, can be proved from the fossils they have discovered. But at that time, pigs were wild pigs, just like wolves, tigers, bears, leopards and other beasts. Boar fighting power is not weak, ancient boar combat ability should be stronger《 The eight commandments of zhongpig in journey to the West are in a good position to reflect the fighting power of wild boars from midnight to the East. Pig is also called Gang hyena, so the name of pig Bajie in Tiangong is pig Gang hyena. There are many names of pigs, ancient names or *, or dolphins, or horses. There are also such names as Yin Zhong, Tang, black, black and Lang.
It is a great honor for Chinese people to domesticate wild boars into domestic pigs. The site of Neolithic culture in Yuyao Hedu, Zhejiang Province has been 7000 years ago. There is a pottery pig unearthed in the relics, which proves that the Chinese people have domesticated wild boars into domestic pigs as early as the five emperors of Yanhuang and even earlier. The earliest word recognized by China is oracle bone. There are records about "giving up" of domestic pigs. In the Shang and Zhou dynasties, China also invented the technology of "castration", which indicates that the pig raising in China has been normalized at this time.
Domestic pigs have two main functions: one is to eat, fattened to eat pork; Second, the fertilizer is accumulated. Before the invention of fertilizer, pig fertilizer was the main fertilizer in farmland, and a large amount of pig fertilizer was used in agricultural cultivation in China decades ago. Although Chinese people have invented the feeding, the pig raising before Han Dynasty mainly adopted grazing form, which is the same as cattle, sheep and other livestock.
In the era of tourism economy, the raising cost of pigs is very high, and grazing pigs are not as good as cattle and sheep, so pigs are more precious. The Shang and Zhou dynasties were regarded as a precious and auspicious gift. Pigs and cattle, dogs, sheep and chickens are called "five animals", and horses, cattle, sheep, dogs and chickens are called "six animals". In Zhou Dynasty, pigs and cattle and sheep were called "prison", only the monarch and the Qing doctor were entitled to enjoy. History shows that "the son of heaven eats too fast, the cattle and sheep are hog and the three animals are full, the princes eat the cattle, the sheep eat the food, the doctors eat the pigs, the fish eat the fish, and the common people eat the vegetables". In the Han Dynasty, they still "* the thousand feet in the Ze, all of them are waiting for 1000 households," and ordinary people can only enjoy the wonderful pork with the festival. It is also "this thing should only be in heaven, and where can we hear it from the world". Pork belongs to the level of "tianmeat" for a long time. Only the emperor and his ministers can share it. Ordinary people usually have that blessing. At the end of Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang fought for the world and put a feast of the red gate. At this banquet, there were pork records. Fan fan saved Liu Bang from entering Xiang Yu's big account. Xiang Yu thought fan * was a hero, "give him a shoulder", and gave him a pig leg. Of course, all those who can enter Xiangyu's banquet are aristocratic class.
However, in order to reward childbearing, the common people can occasionally hit the big fortune of eating pork. In order to restore the national strength and encourage the Vietnamese to have a large number of children in the spring and Autumn period, he issued a policy of encouraging birth: "giving birth to husband, two bottles of wine, one dog;"; Raw woman, two bottles of wine, one porpoise. ". If you have a man, you will reward two bottles of wine, a dog, a daughter, and two pots of wine and a pig. If you want pork, it will be a birth.
A scholar, an emperor, a famous pork
Pigs are so difficult to raise and pork is so precious that for a long time, the meat on the Chinese table is mainly mutton. Lamb has been dominant in Chinese table for thousands of years from Wei Jin to Ming Dynasty. One book is called "Luoyang Galen", which is called "sheep is the most land production". At that time, nomadic people had a great impact on China. Their living habits were "wind blowing grass is low to see cattle and sheep", and the role of cattle is mainly used for farming. It is strictly prohibited to kill by the court, so the main function of sheep is to eat its meat. In ancient times, it was "lamb wine" to reward the three armies. Five Hu chaos has been over 300 years old, Sui Tang and more than 300 years, and the Five Dynasties and song, Liao, Jin and Xixia. Mongols dominated the world for more than one hundred years. It was a very active period for ethnic minorities. Although pork did not exit the historical stage at this time, it was much inferior to sheep.
Pork began to flip the cards, it began in Song Dynasty. Song Dynasty for more than 300 years, has been with Liao, Jin, Xixia, Mongolia and other ethnic minorities. Although mutton occupies the leading position of meat, pork began to go back to the historical stage and promote the development of pork consumption. The most famous is Sudongpo. When he was demoted to Huangzhou, he was fond of falling in love with a dish, which was later named Dongpo meat. Dongpo meat is not the meat of Sudongpo, but the red braised meat that Sudongpo likes to eat. Who is Sudongpo? CI Sheng. It is not said that at present, he was famous in Song Dynasty. His influence is much bigger than that of the big stars. Sudongpo wrote a poem for his favorite pork, which was called "Ode to pork": "clean washing, less water, and no firewood can afford to smoke. When he is familiar with him, he is beautiful when the fire is full. Huangzhou good pork, cheap as soil. The poor are not prepared to cook. They get up early and play two bowls. They are satisfied with their own family. ", The poem is sung and the reputation effect is that pork actually turned over in the folk. In history, it has been "inside and outside Lin'an City, the butcher shop does not know how many of them are", "hundreds of people are not slaughtered every day", "tens of thousands of people are expelled from each group". Although pork consumption is not as good as sheep, it is on the rise.
The main food that made pork go to the table was Ming Dynasty. Although pork had a small climax in Song Dynasty, with the Mongolian and Yuan dynasties ruling China, mutton still occupied the main meat status. Ming Dynasty was a unified agricultural country established by the Han people. Nomadic people were expelled to Mobei, and the circle of pigs gradually went to the front desk. But one of the factors that hinder pig breeding is that the emperor of Ming Dynasty surnamed Zhu, and Zhu and Zhu homonymously said that "killing pigs" became the "new year of killing Zhu". It was a crime of rebellion. For a while, the court was not allowed to say the word "pig". Zhu houzhao, the Ming emperor of Wu, was not only named Zhu, but also a pig. Therefore, he issued the ban on pigs, which is the only holy decree specially issued for pigs in history. This holy decree forbids pig raising and killing pigs. Those who violate the purpose are forced to make military distribution. However, the ban on pigs was only suspended for a few months. The folk have adopted pig breeding, which is not a holy decree that can be banned. Ming Wu Zong thought of a way to change the name of the pig to what he called * or dolphin. Why must he be called a pig? Besides, Ming Wuzong, who was under the ban on pigs, also ate pork.
How does pork roll cattle and sheep into the king of meat at the table
Sudongpo and zhuhouzhao are two key characters in the history of pork consumption, which promote the popularity of pork from both positive and negative aspects. Especially Sudongpo, the wonderful place of praising pork makes pork consumption deeply popular. Su Dongpo's great knowledge compares his ordinary life to "pork", and happily compares his studies with Chen Xiang, an old friend who has achieved profound Buddhist knowledge and compared Buddhism to dragon meat. "There is a gap between pigs and dragons. However, it is not as good as serving pork to eat pork. So, it is better for him to eat pork. So he promotes pork consumption, In Ming Dynasty, the fruits of victory were finally produced. Not only was it popular in folk pork consumption, but also appeared pork food such as "burning pork, pig enema, pork arm meat and pork bun" in the imperial palace. Although Emperor Zhu in Ming Dynasty ate pork, he could not stop the delicious pork and the recognition of the people.
Although the Qing Dynasty was built by nomadic people, it attached great importance to pork. Nuerhachi was translated into Chinese and called the skin of wild pig. Nuerhachi loved pork when he went to Emperor Tai Chi. In the royal banquet of Emperor Qianlong in history, there were "65 Jin pork, 3 pig elbows, 2 pork belly, 8 small stomach, 15 diet, 25 Jin wild pig meat, 3 pig intestines of size", The Taihu Pig Population, famous in the world, appeared in the Qing Dynasty. Yuanmei, a talented man and great gourmet, listed pork in the "special animal list", called pork as "the master of the masses", and described dozens of cooking methods of pork. Because Yuanmei, pork has an unprecedented high status in the food industry. Another talented man, Pusongling, has vigorously promoted the development of pig raising from the perspective of fertilizer accumulation, and proposed that pig raising is the "key task of farming". Under their promotion, pork has become more and more important in the food industry, especially in the people's common recognition. After thousands of years, pork has been successfully turned into the king of table meat.
